Kodi coefficient ya kuyamwa kwa ma capacitor a filimu ikutanthauza chiyani? Kodi ikakhala yaying'ono, ndi bwino?

Tisanatchule kuchuluka kwa ma capacitor a filimu, tiyeni tiwone chomwe dielectric ndi chiyani, kugawanika kwa dielectric ndi momwe capacitor imayamwa.

Dielectric

Dielectric ndi chinthu chosayendetsa magetsi, mwachitsanzo, choteteza magetsi, chopanda mphamvu yamkati yomwe ingasunthe. Ngati dielectric yayikidwa mu electrostatic field, ma electric ndi nuclei a maatomu a dielectric amachita "kusuntha kwa microscopic relative" mkati mwa atomu pansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi, koma osati "kuyenda kwa macroscopic" kutali ndi atomu yomwe ali, monga ma electric aulere mu conductor. Pamene electrostatic equilibrium yafika, mphamvu yamunda mkati mwa dielectric si zero. Iyi ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mphamvu zamagetsi za dielectric ndi conductor.

Kugawanika kwa dielectric

Pansi pa mphamvu ya magetsi omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi ya dipole ya macroscopic imawonekera mkati mwa dielectric motsatira njira yamagetsi, ndipo mphamvu yomangika imawonekera pamwamba pa dielectric, komwe ndi polarization ya dielectric.

Chochitika cha kuyamwa

Kuchedwa kwa nthawi mu njira yolipirira ndi kutulutsa mphamvu ya capacitor chifukwa cha kugawanika pang'onopang'ono kwa dielectric pansi pa mphamvu ya magetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kumvetsetsana kwa anthu ambiri ndi kwakuti capacitor imafunika kudzazidwa mokwanira nthawi yomweyo, koma sidzazidwe nthawi yomweyo; capacitor imafunika kumasula mphamvu yonse, koma siimasulidwa, ndipo kuchedwa kwa nthawi kumachitika.

Chokwanira cha kuyamwa kwa capacitor ya filimu

Mtengo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za momwe ma capacitor a filimu amayamwitsira magetsi umatchedwa kuti absorption coefficient, ndipo umatchulidwa ndi Ka. Mphamvu ya ma capacitor a mafilimu imakhudza momwe ma capacitor amayamwitsira magetsi imagwirira ntchito, ndipo mtengo wa Ka umasiyana kwambiri ndi ma capacitor osiyanasiyana a dielectric. Zotsatira za muyeso zimasiyana malinga ndi nthawi yoyesera ya capacitor imodzi; mtengo wa Ka umasiyananso ndi ma capacitor omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, opanga osiyanasiyana, ndi magulu osiyanasiyana.

Kotero pali mafunso awiri tsopano-

Q1. Kodi mphamvu ya kuyamwa kwa ma capacitor a filimu ndi yaying'ono momwe ingathere?

Q2. Kodi zotsatirapo zoyipa za kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa madzi m'thupi ndi ziti?

A1:

Pansi pa mphamvu ya mphamvu yamagetsi yogwiritsidwa ntchito: Ka yaying'ono (yochepa yoyamwa) → kufooka kwa polarization ya dielectric (monga insulator) → mphamvu yomangirira pamwamba pa dielectric imachepa → mphamvu yomangira ya dielectric yomangira pa charge traction → kufooka kwa mphamvu ya capacitor → capacitor imayamwa ndi kutulutsa mwachangu. Mkhalidwe wabwino: Ka ndi 0, mwachitsanzo, coefficient ya kuyamwa ndi 0, dielectric (monga insulator) ilibe polarization chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mphamvu yamagetsi yogwiritsidwa ntchito, pamwamba pa dielectric ilibe mphamvu yomangira pa charge, ndipo capacitor charge ndi discharge response zilibe hysteresis. Chifukwa chake, coefficient ya kuyamwa ya capacitor ya filimu ndi yaying'ono kwambiri.

A2:

Zotsatira za capacitor yokhala ndi mtengo waukulu kwambiri wa Ka pa ma circuits osiyanasiyana zimawonekera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, motere.

1) Ma circuits osiyana amakhala ma circuits ogwirizana

2) Dongosolo la Sawtooth limapangitsa kuti mafunde a sawtooth abwererenso bwino, motero dera silingathe kuchira mwachangu.

3) Zoletsa, zomangira, kusokoneza mawonekedwe a mafunde otuluka

4) Nthawi yokhazikika ya fyuluta yosalala ya ultra-low frequency imakhala yayikulu

(5) Mfundo ya zero ya DC amplifier yasokonekera, kusuntha kwa njira imodzi

6） Kulondola kwa sampuli ndi dera logwirira ntchito kumachepa

7) Kuthamanga kwa DC poyambira kugwira ntchito kwa amplifier yolunjika

8) Kuwonjezeka kwa mafunde mu dera loperekera magetsi

Magwiridwe onse omwe ali pamwambapa a dielectric absorption effect ndi osiyana ndi tanthauzo la "inertia" ya capacitor, ndiko kuti, mu nthawi yoikidwiratu, chaji sichidzaperekedwa pamtengo woyembekezeredwa, ndipo mosemphanitsanso, kutulutsa kwake kumachitikanso.

Kukana kwa kutenthetsa (kapena kutayikira kwa mphamvu) kwa capacitor yokhala ndi mtengo waukulu wa Ka ndi kosiyana ndi kwa capacitor yoyenera (Ka=0) chifukwa imawonjezeka ndi nthawi yayitali yoyesera (kutayikira kwa mphamvu kumachepa). Nthawi yoyesera yomwe yatchulidwa ku China ndi mphindi imodzi.