Capacitor ndi gawo lomwe limasunga mphamvu zamagetsi. Mfundo yosungira mphamvu ya general capacitor ndi ultra capacitor (EDLC) ndi yofanana, zonse ziwiri zimasunga mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a electrostatic field, koma super capacitor ndiyoyenera kwambiri kutulutsa mphamvu mwachangu komanso kusungira mphamvu, makamaka pakuwongolera mphamvu molondola komanso zida zonyamula katundu nthawi yomweyo.
Tiyeni tikambirane za ma capacitor akuluakulu achikhalidwe omwe ali pansipa.
| Zinthu Zoyerekeza | Capacitor Yachizolowezi | Supercapacitor |
| Chidule | Capacitor wamba ndi dielectric yosungiramo chaji yosasinthika, yomwe ingakhale ndi chaji yokhazikika ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ndi gawo lamagetsi lofunikira kwambiri pamagetsi amagetsi. | Supercapacitor, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti electrochemical capacitor, double layer capacitor, gold capacitor, Faraday capacitor, ndi chinthu cha electrochemical chomwe chinapangidwa kuyambira m'ma 1970 ndi 1980 kuti chisunge mphamvu pogawa electrolyte. |
| Ntchito yomanga | Kachipangizo kameneka kamakhala ndi ma conductor awiri achitsulo (ma electrode) omwe ali pafupi kwambiri koma osalumikizana, ndi dielectric yotetezera pakati. | Supercapacitor imakhala ndi electrode, electrolyte (yomwe ili ndi mchere wa electrolyte), ndi cholekanitsa (choletsa kukhudzana pakati pa ma electrode abwino ndi oipa). Ma electrode amakutidwa ndi mpweya woyatsidwa, womwe uli ndi ma pores ang'onoang'ono pamwamba pake kuti ukulitse malo a ma electrode ndikusunga magetsi ambiri. |
| Zipangizo zamagetsi | Aluminium oxide, mafilimu a polima kapena zoumbaumba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma dielectric pakati pa ma electrode mu ma capacitor. | Supercapacitor ilibe dielectric. M'malo mwake, imagwiritsa ntchito zigawo ziwiri zamagetsi zopangidwa ndi cholimba (electrode) ndi madzi (electrolyte) pamalo olumikizirana m'malo mwa dielectric. |
| Mfundo yogwirira ntchito | Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya capacitor ndi yakuti mphamvu ya magetsi imasunthidwa ndi mphamvu yomwe ili m'munda wamagetsi, pamene pali dielectric pakati pa ma conductor, imalepheretsa kayendedwe ka mphamvu ya magetsi ndikupangitsa mphamvu ya magetsi kusonkhana pa conductor, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo osungira magetsi asungidwe. | Koma ma Supercapacitors, amasunga mphamvu yamagetsi yokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri mwa kugawa electrolyte komanso ndi ma redox pseudo-capacitive charges. Njira yosungira mphamvu ya ma supercapacitors imatha kusinthidwa popanda kusintha kwa mankhwala, motero imatha kuwonjezeredwa mobwerezabwereza ndikutulutsidwa nthawi mazana ambiri. |
| Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu | Mphamvu yocheperako. Mphamvu ya capacitance yonse imayambira pa pF pang'ono mpaka μF zikwi zingapo. | Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Mphamvu ya supercapacitor ndi yayikulu kwambiri kotero kuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati batri. Mphamvu ya supercapacitor imadalira mtunda pakati pa ma electrode ndi malo a pamwamba pa ma electrode. Chifukwa chake, ma electrode amapakidwa ndi mpweya woyatsidwa kuti awonjezere malo a pamwamba kuti akwaniritse mphamvu yayikulu. |
| Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu | Zochepa | Pamwamba |
| Mphamvu yeniyeni | <0.1 Wh/kg | 1-10 Wh/kg |
| Mphamvu yeniyeni | 100,000+ Wh/kg | 10,000+ Wh/kg |
| Nthawi yolipiritsa/kutulutsa | Nthawi yochaja ndi kutulutsa mphamvu ya ma capacitor achizolowezi nthawi zambiri imakhala masekondi 103-106. | Ma Ultracapacitor amatha kupereka mphamvu mwachangu kuposa mabatire, mwachangu ngati masekondi 10, ndikusunga mphamvu zambiri pa voliyumu iliyonse kuposa ma capacitor wamba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake imaganiziridwa pakati pa mabatire ndi ma capacitor a electrolytic. |
| Moyo wa nthawi yolipirira/kutulutsa mphamvu | Waufupi | Yaitali (nthawi zambiri 100,000+, mpaka maulendo 1 miliyoni, zaka zoposa 10 zogwiritsidwa ntchito) |
| Kuchaja/kutulutsa mphamvu | >95% | 85%-98% |
| Kutentha kogwira ntchito | -20 mpaka 70℃ | -40 mpaka 70℃ (Makhalidwe abwino a kutentha otsika kwambiri komanso kutentha kwakukulu) |
| Voltage yoyesedwa | Zapamwamba | Pansi (nthawi zambiri 2.5V) |
| Mtengo | Pansi | Zapamwamba |
| Ubwino | Kutaya kochepa Kuchulukana kwakukulu kwa kuphatikiza Kulamulira mphamvu kogwira ntchito komanso kogwira ntchito | Kutalika kwa moyo Mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri Kulipiritsa mwachangu ndi nthawi yotulutsa Kulemera kwakukulu kwamakono Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa ntchito |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito | ▶ Mphamvu yotulutsa yosalala; ▶Kukonza Mphamvu (PFC); ▶Zosefera za pafupipafupi, zodutsa kwambiri, zodutsa pang'ono; ▶Kulumikizana ndi kusweka kwa zizindikiro; ▶Zoyambitsa injini; ▶Ma buffer (zoteteza ma surge ndi zosefera phokoso); ▶Ma Oscillator. | ▶Magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, sitima zapamtunda ndi zina zoyendera; ▶Magetsi osasinthika (UPS), omwe amalowa m'malo mwa mabanki a capacitor a electrolytic; ▶Magetsi a mafoni am'manja, ma laputopu, zida zonyamulira m'manja, ndi zina zotero; ▶Sikuvuluvulu zamagetsi zomwe zingachajidwenso zomwe zimatha kuchajidwa kwathunthu mumphindi zochepa; ▶Makina owunikira mwadzidzidzi ndi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri; ▶Ma IC, RAM, CMOS, mawotchi ndi ma microcomputer, ndi zina zotero. |
Ngati muli ndi zina zomwe mungawonjezere kapena mfundo zina, chonde musazengereze kukambirana nafe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-22-2021